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AoS4 - Timbre & Dynamics
gcse_timbre_powerpoint_for_worksheet.ppt
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gcse_dynamics_powerpoint_for_worksheet.ppt
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inst_quiz.pdf
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AOS4 - Key Words

Dynamics (how loud or quiet the music is)


Fortissimo (ff) - very loud

Forte (f) - loud

Mezzo Forte (mf) - quite loud

Mezzo piano (mp) - quite quiet

Piano (p)
- quiet

Pianissimo (pp) - very quiet

Crescendo (< ) - getting louder

Decrescendo / Diminuendo ( >) - getting quieter

Sforzando (sf) - suddenly very loud



Timbre (the type of sound an instrument makes)


Vocals The use of voices. 
 
    Soprano voice A high pitched female voice.
    Tenor voice A high male voice.
    Alto voice A low female voice.
    Bass voice A low male voice.
    Countertenor  - a male alto achieved using a falsetto voice
    Falsetto – ‘false voice’ technique where male singers can sing higher using a softer voice.
    Vibrato – A slight regular wavering of a pitch used by singers and instrument players to add warmth and interest to the note.

     
Instrumental Music – Music played by instruments only. (No singing!)

Instrumental family – e.g. String family, Woodwind family, Percussion family, Brass family.

Muted (Con sordino)– To deaden/quieten the sound. Brass players put mutes in the bell of the instrument to do this.

Vibrato – See above
        
String instruments can be played:
  
    Con arco (Arco) ­– with a bow
    Pizzicato (pizz)– plucked with the finger
    Double stopping – when 2 strings are played at once
    Tremelo/tremolando– literally means ‘trembling’. Rapid up & down movements of the bow on the strings.  Good for building suspense etc.
          

Technology – Use of technology in music

    Reverb – this is when the sounds of an instrument last longer, imitating the sound of the instrument reflecting against walls, floors and ceilings.
    Distortion – Usually used in rock, this is when an instrument is forced to sound ‘aggressive.’
    Chorus – This is when a voice or instrument is multiplied electronically, so it sounds like many
    Multitracking – A recording technique where different sounds/instruments are recorded seperatly and played back together e.g.  Logic
    Compression – Used mostly as a recording technique, this is where the quietest sounds are boosted and the loudest are lowered, so the 
    recording is evened out. E.g. drums.
    Vocodor – Device used to electronically combine a human voice with a musical instrument
    Sequence - Electronic device or computer program that is used to record, edit and play back music data using MIDI
    Panning - Sound is electronically moved acrossfrom one speaker to another, or is separatedinto different speakers
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